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Labor Force Estimates (Seasonally Adjusted)April
2023
Rank2022
Ann. Avg.
Rank2017
Ann. Avg.
Rank
Total Labor Force3,423,506163,404,443163,333,69315
Employed3,319,261163,302,632163,217,04915
Unemployed104,24517101,81118116,64418
Unemployment Rate3.0303.0313.538

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Labor Force Characteristics in 2022
Based on Noninstitutional Population, Age 16 and Over
Total
(000)
RankPercent
Distribution
Rank% of Pop.
in Category
Rank
Total Labor Force3,41516100.0% 63.8%23
Men
Women
1,838
1,576
16
16
53.8%
46.1%
13
39
70.2%
57.6%
16
24
Employment3,30516100.0% 61.7%20
Men
Women
1,783
1,522
16
16
53.9%
46.1%
11
40
68.1%
55.6%
14
26
Unemployment11017100.0% 2.1%26
Men
Women
55
55
18
16
50.0%
50.0%
39
10
2.1%
2.0%
34
22
Unemployment Rate3.232
Men
Women
3.0
3.5
35
26

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Occupational Employment and Wages in 2022
(SOC classification system)
NumberRankPercent
Distribution
RankMedian
Annual Wage
Rank
All Occupations3,089,64016100.0% 42,10035
Management Occupations156,550205.1%4595,51038
Business and Financial Operations Occupations145,980224.7%4264,55041
Computer and Mathematical Occupations63,510232.1%4076,49042
Architecture and Engineering Occupations47,080201.5%3177,80039
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations22,060200.7%3362,71036
Community and Social Services Occupations45,750181.5%2744,63045
Legal Occupations17,410210.6%3678,43025
Education, Training, and Library Occupations154,570195.0%4347,88042
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations32,650201.1%3243,89043
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations194,440156.3%2666,76036
Healthcare Support Occupations112,170193.6%3532,64029
Protective Service Occupations59,110191.9%3844,46033
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations270,610168.8%1826,90036
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations85,130162.8%3531,20031
Personal Care and Service Occupations50,670221.6%4328,16036
Sales and Related Occupations271,440168.8%2832,40034
Office and Administrative Support Occupations356,5601811.5%4438,84028
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations3,780270.1%3436,84020
Construction and Extraction Occupations128,330164.2%2554,31019
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations143,440124.6%1049,92026
Production Occupations365,380611.8%141,16023
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations363,0201311.7%337,97027

May '2022' Estimates
N/A = Not available
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

UnionsNumberRank% of
All Workers
Rank
Members of Unions
2022223,000177.4%29
2021256,000159.0%25
2020235,000178.3%29
2019249,000168.3%30
2018269,000158.8%29
2017266,000158.9%27
2016304,0001410.4%24
2015283,0001410.0%25
2014299,0001510.7%24
2013249,000159.3%28
2012246,000159.1%28
2011302,0001511.3%22
2010279,0001510.9%25
% Chg. 2010 to 2022-20.1%43
Represented by Unions
2022260,000168.6%31
2021290,0001510.2%24
2020270,000179.5%28
2019296,000159.8%27
2018283,000159.3%30
2017289,000159.7%29
2016335,0001411.4%24
2015319,0001411.3%26
2014335,0001412.0%25
2013275,0001510.3%30
2012269,0001510.0%30
2011333,0001512.4%26
2010313,0001512.2%25
% Chg. 2010 to 2022-16.9%44

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

CES Not Seasonally Adjusted Employment in April 2023
NAICS based data by place of work
EmploymentPercent
Distribution
Rank% Change
April 2022
Rank
00Total Nonfarm3,260,700100.0% 2.8%7
05Total Private2,834,70086.9%62.9%6
06Goods Producing711,20021.8%12.0%22
07Service-Providing2,549,50078.2%513.0%6
08Private Service Providing2,123,50065.1%423.2%5
10Natural Resources and Mining5,9000.2%243.5%22
15Natural Resources, Mining, & Construction170,4005.2%257.8%3
20Construction164,5005.0%217.9%2
30Manufacturing540,80016.6%10.3%40
40Trade, Transportation, and Utilities632,10019.4%151.2%11
50Information25,7000.8%50-3.4%48
55Financial Activities149,7004.6%422.4%11
60Professional and Business Services378,60011.6%363.4%5
65Educational and Health Services487,20014.9%353.3%22
70Leisure and Hospitality320,7009.8%307.3%6
80Other Services129,5004.0%124.1%10
90Government426,00013.1%462.1%22

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Survey (CES)

Annual Covered Employment and Wages over Time (NAICS)EstablishmentsJobsAverage Wage
per Job (*adj)
Rank% of U.S.
Avg Wage
2021178,7003,010,658$54,9683481.3%
2020172,6472,918,792$54,3983781.2%
2019168,9163,077,767$51,7163782.4%
2018167,6273,051,879$51,3543683.1%
2017164,7273,018,177$51,0633583.4%
2016162,2162,987,091$50,3423883.2%
2015159,3032,941,991$50,1923982.9%
2014158,3332,890,758$48,7073982.8%
2013159,3202,849,311$48,4583883.6%
2012160,0582,812,347$48,6723783.7%
2011159,6912,755,826$48,4843783.8%
10-Year Change19,009254,832$6,484
10-Year Percent Change11.9%9.2%13.4%

*Adj = Adjusted for Inflation; D = Non-Disclosable Data; N/A = Not Available
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Annual Industry Distribution of Jobs and Avg. Wage in 2021EstablishmentsJobsPercent
Distribution
Annual Average Wage
per Job
Rank
Total Covered Employment and Wages178,7003,010,658100.0%$54,96834
Private173,0542,631,15787.4%$55,42334
Agri., forestry, hunting2,02915,7280.5%$44,08017
Mining3044,7060.2%$76,96528
Construction15,916149,5865.0%$65,27630
Manufacturing9,294524,61417.4%$68,88624
Wholesale trade13,689122,0134.1%$77,35935
Retail trade20,800314,00310.4%$34,18237
Transportation, warehousing7,317171,3105.7%$52,93533
Utilities58015,5620.5%$99,94032
Information3,06131,8781.1%$64,28146
Finance and Insurance11,086100,5523.3%$84,19640
Real Estate, rental, leasing7,23635,3951.2%$55,22530
Professional, technical services21,945131,7544.4%$79,69538
Mgmt. of companies, enterprises1,24733,9701.1%$114,40132
Administrative, waste services10,877182,7776.1%$40,91645
Educational services3,515237,6527.9%$48,06242
Health care, social assistance15,434438,44014.6%$57,48928
Arts, entertainment, recreation2,36537,3331.2%$37,91824
Accommodation and food services13,775247,9508.2%$20,15045
Other services, exc. public admin.13,31084,4472.8%$38,63746
Public administration2,835128,8484.3%$54,37643

D = Non-Disclosable Data; N/A = Not Available
Note: Industries are NAICS-based.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

BEA Major Sectors
in 2022 (by place of work)
2022 Earnings ($000)Avg Earnings
per Job
Rank2021 JobsPercent
Distribution
in State
Percent
Distribution
in U.S.
Total by place of work$279,776,942$70,826223,950,184100.0%100.0%
Wage and Salary$195,550,434$61,645323,172,20080.3%75.5%
Proprietors$41,305,331$53,0935777,98419.7%24.5%
    Farm$5,319,219$110,2701048,2381.2%0.9%
    Nonfarm$35,986,112$49,3137729,74618.5%23.6%
Farm$5,732,091$97,067759,0531.5%1.3%
Nonfarm$274,044,851$70,428223,891,13198.5%98.7%
Private$243,992,340$70,567183,457,58787.5%86.8%
Forestry, fishing, etc.$566,057$52,608610,7600.3%0.5%
21 Mining$559,428$69,867308,0070.2%0.5%
22 Utilities$2,108,004$149,1133914,1370.4%0.3%
23 Construction$18,095,764$80,00426226,1875.7%5.8%
31-33 Manufacturing$51,694,344$95,79221539,65413.7%6.5%
42 Wholesale Trade$14,100,023$107,88531130,6953.3%3.1%
44-45 Retail Trade$15,433,305$40,04040385,4469.8%9.5%
48-49 Trans. and warehousing$13,246,125$58,46625226,5605.7%5.2%
51 Information$2,981,575$86,8054634,3480.9%1.7%
52 Finance and insurance$12,170,664$73,04933166,6094.2%5.8%
53 Real Estate and rental and leasing$17,385,626$109,9491158,1254.0%5.0%
54 Professional, technical services$18,035,491$92,09129195,8445.0%7.4%
55 Management of companies, enterprises$4,934,809$127,2513338,7801.0%1.4%
56 Administrative and waste services$12,225,717$51,98235235,1926.0%6.2%
61 Educational services$3,782,183$45,8092582,5652.1%2.3%
62 Health care, social assistance$36,252,178$80,3128451,39311.4%11.4%
71 Arts, entertainment, and recreation$2,201,003$32,4942767,7361.7%2.1%
72 Accommodation and food services$8,248,201$30,97046266,3256.7%6.7%
81 Other services, exc. public admin.$9,971,843$45,48728219,2245.5%5.5%
NA Gov. and gov. enterprises$30,052,511$69,31848433,54411.0%12.0%

D = Not shown to avoid disclosure of confidential information, but the estimates for this item are included in the totals.
N/A = Not available or not applicable
Note: Major sectors are NAICS-based.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)